Geographical Information System
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A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing data. The mapping techniques allow for visualization and geographical analysis of information. Query operations and statistical analysis are benefits common to all information systems.

GIS can solve a number of pressing problems faced in businesses today. Now with the help of spatial information, getting answers for queries like: Where is it..." "What is at..." "Trends and patterns..." "What if, analysis..." etc becomes so easy.

The integral components of GIS are:

Hardware:
GIS systems operate on a variety of hardware configurations and platforms ranging from laptops/desktop PCs to client- server architecture for enterprise-wide solutions.

Software:
GIS is a tool comprising a set of functions which allows one to capture, store (edit/update), manipulate, analyze and display geographic information.

Data:
Data is the backbone of a GIS. A GIS integrates both Spatial and Aspatial (attribute) data making it different from other Information Systems. While a line network showing main roads and cross roads could form the Spatial data, the names of the main/cross roads can be it's Attribute data.

Methods:
A set of procedures have been outlined to capture, store, manipulate, analyze and display geographic data. However, choice of the method is governed by the application area and the organization where the system is to find place.

People:
A GIS is incomplete without trained personnel who use the system.

Today GIS has grown to occupy an increasingly important place in mainstream Information Technology. IT Companies are spending billions of dollars to provide 'Spatially' enabled solutions, so that their customers can derive much greater value from their corporate data assets. The business geographic industry will never be the same again.