Geographical Information System
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Business Areas

Utilities
Transportation and Navigation
Government/Infrastructure
Business Applications

Government/Infrastructure

GIS in Natural resources
Any type of industry which is dependent on the earth for its produce will profit from a GIS package. The whole scenario can be mapped into the following

• Exploration Land usage
• Production Analysis
• Transmission/distribution network
• Facilities management Business/retail Areas
• Environmental Issues
  

These issues can be effectively handled by GIS. The ability to put things pictorially has a dramatic effect. One begins to see connections and possibilities previously unseen and unexplored.

In the area of oceanography the possibilities of GIS are enormous. Navigation is an area that is entirely dependent on maps. If these maps are automated with attributes such as ocean currents, wind movements, weather information and accurate knowledge of location, the work of the caption of a ship becomes easier. This can also be useful to a shipping company to know the location of every ship; at what speed it is moving, the projected route and destination date.

With the advent of oil tankers the problem of oil spillage is not far behind. The analysis, planning and response can be achieved with a great degree of ease and sophistication.

Agriculture
GIS is essential in the planning and improvement of crop productivity. It encompasses primary components like weather forecasting, land management, contour mapping, and disaster management. With this help, analysis of the data pictorially proves to be a tremendous asset. The marketing section can benefit from accurate marketing projections and sales analysis. Agricultural insurance companies can use the productivity data and frame favorable policies.

The primary areas of interest are

• Production trends
• Evaluation of crop insurance policies
• Management of flow of goods(via trucks, trains and planes)
• Marketing, operations and distribution
• Management of equipment
• Warehouse management (Inventory)
  

The usage of GIS increases productivity and reduces costs

Forestry
GIS can provide comprehensive solutions in the area of forestry chiefly:

• Conservation of flora and fauna.
• Disaster management.
• Strategic and road planning.

Conservation of flora and fauna
The need for accurate information is essential for the protection of rare plants and endangered species. A GIS application can pinpoint the areas of interest and put it in perspective. It will help determine conservation priorities for species and rare plants. We can determine the areas of common interest and take the necessary steps in protecting them. Presently there is no visual representation of this data, the impact and understanding of this visual representation is enormous.

GIS is a real boon to both our ability to manage the data in the sense of seeing what's happening on the landscape, to understanding what's going on with the plants and animals, and also in our ability to convey that information and that understanding to the required authorities.

Disaster management
One can never be relaxed under the ever present threat of fires. A forest fire knows no boundaries or areas, it just rips through. The knowledge the direction, location, rate of spread, intensity, and burned areas of the forest fire is of paramount importance for long-term fire management planning and effective counter measures. Even the direction of the resulting smoke can be devastating for smoke sensitive area. GIS technology can help forest authorities to control the fire and prepare counter measures well in advance.

Strategic and road planning
Forest authorities, with the available data of soil type, landscape models, type of vegetation, rain forecast, geographic location of the area in question and related points can see how the forest will look like 5 years, 10 years and even 50 years in time.

The knowledge of the above parameters can also help in the planning of roads with emphasis on the contours and vegetation of the region. GIS provides the ideal solution for the above two.